What is G20
Every year, the world’s major economic powers meet to decide how they can work together on challenges that are too big for any one country to manage alone. This gathering is known as the G20. It’s made up of countries that power global trade, influence world markets, and shape most of the planet’s economic growth.
Why the G20 Exists
The group was created after major financial turmoil in the late 90s made it clear that crises do not respect borders. Leaders realized they needed a space where the world’s strongest economies could plan, coordinate, and prevent future shocks. That spirit of cooperation still anchors the G20 today.
Why Heads of State Attend
The issues discussed at the G20 require decisions with long-term consequences. Questions around climate action, technology, jobs, development, and global debt can only be settled by individuals with the authority to commit their countries. That’s why presidents, prime ministers, and senior ministers take their seats at the summit.
What Takes Place During the Summit
The G20 isn’t just the dramatic weekend of leaders posing for photos. It’s the final step in months of intense work. Teams in two major streams prepare the groundwork:
Economic Stream
This team deals with global financial systems, investment flows, market stability, and debt challenges.
Development Stream
This group handles issues that affect people’s daily lives: food, health, climate, digital tools, education, and gender justice.
By the time leaders meet, much of the heavy lifting is done they come to finalize priorities and negotiate commitments.
South Africa’s Focus for 2025
As host, South Africa has shaped an agenda that mirrors the realities of the global south: fair growth, social inclusion, food security, responsible use of artificial intelligence, relief for countries drowning in debt, and the growth of climate-friendly industries driven by Africa’s mineral resources.
Why the Summit Matters for the Public
Even if someone never follows global politics, the decisions made here influence their world. Fuel prices, job creation, global supply chains, interest rates, food costs, and access to digital tools all trace back to G20 discussions.
Why Hosting Is a Defining Moment for South Africa
Having global leaders gather on South African soil is more than a diplomatic win; it’s a statement that Africa belongs at the centre of global decision-making. The summit allows South Africa to steer real conversations and ensure African priorities shape the world’s next steps.
